SInES Tools: Standing Waves in a Tube (Pressure and particle velocity of the air column in a cylindrical or conical tube)
1. Select tube shape & ends: Choose cylinder or cone and set the tube ends (open/closed).
2. Adjust geometry: Configure length and diameter using the sliders.
3. Add environmental effects: Adjust temperature and enable end correction.
4. Analyze: Click resonances in the spectrum to show them in the tube, play animation, and enable sound.
Tube (Pressure and Velocity)
Resonance:
Positive pressure Negative pressure Node Antinode End correction
Pressure nodes

Pressure antinodes

Velocity nodes

Velocity antinodes

Resonance spectrum

No.FrequencyNearest pitch (A4 = 440)f / f₁LevelQ factor

Model: lossless air column (Webster equation) in cylinder and cone. Particle displacement is strongly exaggerated.

Rough approximations, without tone holes and bell.

Standing Waves in a Tube © 2026 by Christoph Reuter and SInES (last modified: 24.10.2026) is released under MIT License
How to cite: Reuter, C. (2026). SInES Tools: Standing Waves in a Tube. Web Application https://sinestools.univie.ac.at/standingwaves.htm